What Is Toxic Shock Syndrome
Toxic shock syndrome is a rare, serious condition caused by bacterial toxins, usually from Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus. It can affect anyone, including menstruating people who use tampons.
Can Tampons Cause TSS
Tampons do not directly cause TSS, but certain types and use patterns can increase risk. Super-absorbent tampons, worn for too long, or left in too long may promote bacterial growth and toxin production. Following product instructions and hygiene guidance helps lower risk.
Symptoms, Risks, and Prevention
Early symptoms include sudden high fever, low blood pressure, a sunburn-like rash, vomiting, diarrhea, and muscle aches. If TSS is suspected, remove the tampon immediately and seek emergency medical care. To reduce risk, choose the lowest absorbency needed, change tampons every four to eight hours, alternate with pads, and wash hands before and after insertion. For more guidance on menstrual product safety, see the information from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration at https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/menstrual-products.
